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Plants toxic to horses
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| Botanical name |
Symptoms |
Common name |
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| Abrus precatorius |
Severe vomiting and diarrhea (sometimes bloody), tremors, high heart rate, fever, shock, and death. Seeds are highly toxic. |
Buddhist Rosary Bead, Indian Bead, Indian Licorice, Love Bean, Lucky Bean, Prayer Bean, Precatory Bean, Rosary Pea, Seminole Bead, Weather Plant |
| Achillea millefolium |
Vomiting, diarrhea, increased urination, dermatitis |
Dog Daisy, Dog Fennel, Milfoil, Yarrow |
| Acer rubrum |
Red blood cell damage, darkened membrane around eyes and mouth, weakness, anorexia, central nervous system depression, abdominal discomfort, laminitis, discoloured urine, pregnancy abortion. Death can occur within 18 hours to 7-10 days of poisoning. Wilted leaves are the most toxic. |
Acer sanguineum, Carolina Maple, Curled Maple, Red Maple, Rufacer Maple, Scarlet Maple, Soft Maple, Swamp Maple |
| Adenium obesum |
Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, irregular hearthbeat, death |
Desert Azalea, Desert Rose, Impala Lily, Kudu Lily, Mock Azalea, Sabi Star |
| Aesculus spp. |
Severe vomiting and diarrhea, depression or excitement, dilated pupils, convulstions, incoordination, coma |
Buckeye, Horse Chestnut |
| Aglaonema modestrum |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Chinese Evergreen |
| Allium ampeloprasum |
Vomiting, anemia, weakness, blood in urine, high heart rate, panting |
Leek |
| Allium cepa |
Vomiting, anemia, weakness, blood in urine, high heart rate, panting |
Onion |
| Allium sativum |
Vomiting, anemia, weakness, blood in urine, high heart rate, panting |
Garlic |
| Alocassia spp. |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Elephant's Ear |
| Ammi majus |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Bishop's Weed, False Queen Anne's Lace, Greater Ammi |
| Amsinckia sp. |
Weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discolouration to mucous membranes, aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing, and liver failure. Symptoms can progress rapidly over a few days. |
Fiddleneck |
| Anthemis cotula |
Contact dermititis, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia. Long term exposure can lead to bleeding tendencies. |
Mayweed, Poison Daisy, Stinking Chamomile |
| Anthemis nobilis |
Contact dermititis, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia. Long term exposure can lead to bleeding tendencies. |
Barnyard daisy, Chamomile, Corn Feverfew, Garden Chamomile, Ground-Apple, Manzanilla, Roman Chamomile, True Chamomile, Turkey-weed |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium |
Diarrhea (sometimes bloody), slow heart rate, weakness. |
Bitter Root, Dogbane Hemp, Indian Hemp |
| Aralia spinosa |
Skin irritation, oral irritation, hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea |
Angelica Tree, Devil's Walking Stick, Hercules' Club, Prickly Ash, Prickly Elder |
| Arisaema triphyllum |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Bog Onion, Brown Dragon, Devil's Dear, Dragon Root, Jack-in-the-pulpit, Memory Root, Pepper Turnip, Starch Root, Three-leaved Indian Turnip, Wild Turnip |
| Arum maculatum |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Adam-and-Eve, Arum, Bobbins, Cuckoo Plant, Lord-and-Ladies, Starch Root, Wake Robin |
| Arum palestinum |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Black Calla, Soloman's Lily, Wild Arum, Wild Calla |
| Asclepsia sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, weakness, profound depression, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, weak rapid pulse, seizures, kidney or liver failure, respitory paralysis, coma, death |
Butterfly Weed, Milkweed |
| Astragalus sp. |
Once eaten, the animal becomes "addicted" to the plant. Loss of sensory and motor nerve function, central nervous system depression, progressive loss of coordination, inability to eat and drink, excessive excitability when stimulated, fetal death, and birth defects. Toxicity occurs when the animal has consumed more than 30% of its body weight over a period of 6 weeks or more. |
Loco Weed |
| Barbarea orthoceras |
Digestive tract irritation |
Wintercress |
| Barbarea vulgaris |
Digestive tract irritation |
Yellowrocket |
| Berteroa incana |
Bloody diarrhea, fever, swollen limbs, colic, dehydration, laminitis, premature birth, loss of appetite, and death, Death is usually associated with the consumption of hay containing 30 - 70% of this plant. |
Hoary Alyssum |
| Brassica kaber, sp. |
Digestive tract irritation |
California Rape, Charlock, Indian Mustard, Wild Mustard |
| Brunfelsia sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, seizures, hypersalivation, lethargy, incoordination, coughing |
Brunfelsia, Fransiscan Rain Tree, Kiss-Me-Quick, Lady-of-the-Night, Paraguayan Jasmine, Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow |
| Buxus sp. |
Colic, diarrhea, respitory failure, seizures |
Boxwood |
| Cannabis sativa |
Vomiting, prolonged depression, incoordination, hypersalivation, sleepyness or excitation, dilated pupils, low blood pressure, low body temperature, seizures, coma, and death (rare). |
Hashish, Indian Hemp, Marijuana |
| Catharanthus roseus |
Vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure, depression, tremors, seizures, coma, death |
Cape Periwinkle, Madagascar Periwinkle, Periwinkle, Rose Periwinkle, Running Myrthle, Vinca, Vinca rosea |
| Celastrus scandens |
Weakness, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea |
American Bittersweet, Climbing Bittersweet, False Bittersweet, Shrubby Bittersweet, Waxwork |
| Centaurea repens |
Difficulty swallowing, grinning appearance, head tossing, yawning, open mouth with hanging and lolling tongue, central nervous system depression, loss of interest in food, difficulty breathing (due to food inhalation), submerging head in water (attempting to drink), dehydration, malnutrition. 50 - 200% of the animal's body weight must be consumed within 60 - 90 days for poisoning. |
Russian Knapweed |
| Centaurea solstitialis |
Difficulty swallowing, grinning appearance, head tossing, yawning, open mouth with hanging and lolling tongue, central nervous system depression, loss of interest in food, difficulty breathing (due to food inhalation), submerging head in water (attempting to drink), dehydration, malnutrition. 50 - 200% of the animal's body weight must be consumed within 60 - 90 days for poisoning. |
Barnaby's Thistle, Yellow Star Thistle |
| Chenopodium botrys |
Vomiting, anorexia, depression |
Ambrosia mexicana, Feather Geranium, Jerusalem Oak |
| Chrysanthemum sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, incoordination, dermatitis |
Chrysanthemum, Daisy, Mum |
| Cicuta maculata, sp. |
Diarrhea, seizures, tremors, extreme abdominal pain, dilated pupils, fever, bloating, respiratory depression, death |
Cowbane, Poison Parsnip, Water Hemlock |
| Citrus aurantifolia |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, potential photosensitivity. |
Lime |
| Citrus aurantium |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, potential photosensitivity. |
Bergamot, Bergamot Orange, Citrus bergamia |
| Citrus limonia |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, potential photosensitivity. |
Lemon |
| Citrus mitis |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, potential photosensitivity. |
Calamondin Orange |
| Citrus paradisii |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, potential photosensitivity. |
Grapefruit |
| Citrus sinensis |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, potential photosensitivity. |
Orange |
| Clematis sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, salivation |
Clematis, Leatherflower, Virgin's Bower |
| Clivia minata, sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, convulstions, low blood pressure, tremors, cardiac arrhythmia. Bulbs are the most poisonous. |
Caffre Lily, Caple Clivia, Clivia Lily, Clivia nobilis, Clivies, Kaffir Lily, Klivia |
| Colchicum autumnale |
Oral irritation, bloody vomiting, diarrhea, shock, multi-organ damage, bone marrow suppression |
Autumn Crocus, Meadow Saffron |
| Coleus ampoinicus |
Vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhea (sometimes with blood), depression, anorexia |
Bread and Butter Plant, Coleus, East Indian Thyme, Indian Borage, Maratha, Militini, Spanish Thyme |
| Conium maculatum |
Central nervous system excitation, muscle tremors, incoordination, excessive salivation, frequent bowel movements and urination, abdominal pains, increased respitory rate, weakness progressing to muscular paralysis, and possible death due to respitory paralysis. Toxicity varies based on plant maturity and environmental conditions; Dry plant material non-toxic. |
California Fern, Deadly Hemlock, Nebraska Fern, Poison Hemlock, Poison Parsley, Spotted Hemlock, Winter Fern |
| Convallaria majalis |
Vomiting, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, disorientation, seizures, coma |
Lily of the Valley |
| Crotalaria albida |
Weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discolouration to mucous membranes, aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing, liver damage, and liver failure. Symptoms can progress rapidly over a few days. |
Rattlebox |
| Cycas revoluta, sp. |
Vomiting (sometimes with blood), bloody diarrhea, dark stools, jaundice, increased thirst, bruising, liver failure, and death. Seeds are the most toxic. Consumption of 1-2 seeds is enough to cause death. |
Cycads, Fern Palm, Sago Palm |
| Cynoglossum amabile |
Weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discolouration to mucous membranes, aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing, liver damage, and liver failure. Symptoms can progress rapidly over a few days. |
Hound's Tongue |
| Delphinium sp. |
Constipation, colic, salivation, muscle tremors, stiffness, weakness, recumbency, convulsions, and possible death from cardiac failure and/or respitory paralysis. Horses don't usually consume enough of the plant for poisoning. |
Delphinium, Larkspur |
| Digitalis purpurea |
Vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac failure, death |
Foxglove |
| Echium plantagineum, vulgare |
Weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discolouration to mucous membranes, aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing, and liver failure. Symptoms can progress rapidly over a few days. |
Patterson's Curse, Viper's Bugloss |
| Eichhornia crassipes |
Vomiting, anorexia |
Water Hyacinth |
| Equisetum arvense |
Weight loss, central nervous system disorders, muscle weakness, convulsions, and death. Toxic component accumulates with ingestion over a few days or weeks and breaks down thiamine, an essential nutrient for central nervous system function as well as metabolism function. |
Common Horsetail, Field Horsetail, Scouring Rush, Western Horsetail |
| Erigeron speciosus |
Mild vomiting, diarrhea |
Fleabane, Horseweed, Seaside Daisy, Showy Daisy |
| Eucalyptus spp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, depression, weakness |
Eucalyptus |
| Euonymus atropurpurea |
Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness. Large doses can cause heart rhythm abnormalities. |
Burning Bush, Euonymus occidentalis, European Spindle Tree, Spindle Tree, Wahoo |
| Eupatorium rugosum |
Incoordination, muscle weakness, tremors, elevated heart rate, cardiac arrhythmia, fluid accumulation, nervous system swelling, profuse sweating, and an inability to swallow. Consumption of 1 to 10% of body weight is enough to cause lethal clinical effect |
Fall Poison, Richweed, Tremetol, White Snakeroot |
| Fagopyrum spp. |
Photosensitization developing into dermal inflamation and ulcers |
Buckwheat |
| Ficus benjamina |
Oral irritation, vomiting, salivation, contact dermatitis |
Fig, Indian Rubber Plant, Weeping Fig |
| Gardenia jasminoides |
Mild vomiting, mild diarrhea, hives |
Cape Jasmine, Gardenia |
| Gladiolus sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, and lethargy. Bulbs (corms) are the most toxic. |
Gladiola |
| Haplopappus heterophyllus |
Incoordination, muscle weakness, tremors, elevated heart rate, cardiac arrhythmia, fluid accumulation, nervous system swelling, profuse sweating, and an inability to swallow. Consumption of 1 to 10% of body weight is enough to cause lethal clinical effects. |
Burrow Weed, Jimmy Weed, Rayless Goldenrod |
| Hedera helix |
Vomiting, abdominal pain, hypersalivation, and diarrhea. Foliage is more toxic than berries. |
Branching Ivy, California Ivy, English Ivy, Glacier Ivy, Needlepoint Ivy, Sweetheart Ivy |
| Helleborus niger |
Drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhea, colic, depression |
Christmas Rose, Easter Rose, Lenten Rose, Hellebore |
| Heliotropium sp. |
Weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discolouration to mucous membranes, aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing, liver damage, and liver failure. Symptoms can progress rapidly over a few days. |
Heliotrope |
| Hemerocallis spp. |
Not toxic to horses. Cows : incoordination, paresis (partial paralysis), blindness, death. |
Daylily |
| Heracleum maximum |
Photosensitization developing into dermal inflamation and ulcers, ocular toxicity |
Cow Parsnip, Giant Hogweed |
| Hibiscus syriacus |
Vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia |
Hibiscus Shrub, Rose of China, Rose of Sharon |
| Hosta sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression |
Funkia, Hosta, Plantain Lily |
| Hydrangea arborescens |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, cyanide intoxication (rare) |
Hills of Snow, Hortensia, Hydrangea, Seven Bark |
| Hypericum perforatum |
Chemical sunburn on light and unpigmented skin, dermatitis, itching, skin ulcers |
Goatweed, Klamath Weed, St-John's Wort |
| Hypochaeris radicata |
Stringhalt (exaggerated flexion in back legs, hopping gait) |
Catsear, Cat's Ear, False Dandelion, Flatweed |
| Ilex aquifolium |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression. Stems are the most toxic. |
English Holly, European Holly, Inkberry, Oregon Holly, Winterberry |
| Ilex opaca |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression. Stems are the most toxic. |
American Holly, European Holly, Inkberry, Oregon Holly, Winterberry |
| Ipomea batatas |
Diarrhea, and hallucinations. Mold damaged plants may cause respitory distress in livestock. |
Sweet Potato Vine |
| Juglans nigra |
Mild to moderate depression, anorexia, fluid build up in legs, laminitis, increased heart and respitory rate, increased body temperature, mild colic. Poisoning usually occurs when it is present in bedding (as little as 5%). Ingestion of nuts and shells can also occur, causing digestive upset. |
Black Walnut |
| Kalmia augustifolia |
Acute digestive upset, excessive drooling, loss of appetite, diarrhea, colic, depression, weakness, loss of coordination, stupor, leg paralysis, weak heart rate, and recumbancy (leaning). Interferes with normal muscle and nerve functions. Animal may recover or may become comatose and die. Also toxic to sheep and goats. |
Lambkill, Sheep Laurel |
| Kalmia latifolia |
Acute digestive upset, excessive drooling, loss of appetite, diarrhea, colic, depression, weakness, loss of coordination, stupor, leg paralysis, weak heart rate, and recumbancy (leaning). Interferes with normal muscle and nerve functions. Animal may recover or may become comatose and die. Also toxic to sheep and goats. |
Mountain Laurel |
| Kalmia poliifolia |
Acute digestive upset, excessive drooling, loss of appetite, diarrhea, colic, depression, weakness, loss of coordination, stupor, leg paralysis, weak heart rate, and recumbancy (leaning). Interferes with normal muscle and nerve functions. Animal may recover or may become comatose and die. Also toxic to sheep and goats. |
Bog Kalmia, Bog Laurel, Pale Laurel |
| Lantana camara |
Toxic to livestock. Vomiting, diarrhea, labored breathing, weakness, liver failure |
Lantana, Red Sage, Shrub Verbena, Yellow Sage |
| Lathyrus latifolius |
Weakness, lethargy, pacing, head pressing, tremors, seizures, death |
Everlasting Pea, Perennial Pea, Sweet Pea |
| Leucothoe davisiae, sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, cardiovascular collapse, hypersalivation, weakness, low blood pressure, coma, death. Ingestion of a few leaves is enough to cause serious problems. |
Black Laurel, Dog Hobble, Dog Laurel, Fetter Bush, Sierra Laurel |
| Ligustrum japonicum, vulgare |
Gastrointestinal upset, incoordination, increased heart rate, death (rare) |
Amur, Common Privet, Privet, Wax-leaf |
| Lobelia cardinalis |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, heart rhythm disturbance |
Cardinal Flower, Indian Pink, Lobelia |
| Lycopersicon spp. |
Diarrhea, hypersalivation, inappetence, severe gastrointestinal upset, drowsiness, CNS depression, confusion, behavioral change, weakness, dilated pupils, slow heart rate |
Tomato Plant |
| Lyona sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, cardiovascular collapse, hypersalivation, weakness, low blood pressure, coma, death. Ingestion of a few leaves is enough to cause serious problems. |
Fetterbush, Maleberry, Staggerberry |
| Malus sylvestris |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Apples and crabapples |
| Melia azedarach |
Diarrhea, vomiting, salivation, depression, weakness, seizures. Berries are the most toxic. |
Bead Tree, China Ball Tree, Chinaberry Tree, Japanese Bead Tree, Paradise Tree, Persian Lilac, Pride-of-India, Texas Umbrella Tree, White Cedar |
| Nandina domestica |
Weakness, incoordination, seizures, respitory failure, coma, and death (rare). |
Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina, Sacred Bamboo |
| Narcissus spp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, convulsions, low blood pressure, tremors, cardiac arrythmia. Bulbs are the most toxic. |
Daffodil, Jonquil, Narcissus, Paperwhite |
| Nerium oleander |
Diarrhea (possibly bloody), colic, sweating, incoordination, shallow/difficult breathing, muscle tremors, recumbency, and possible death from cardiac arrest. All parts highly toxic. |
Oleander, Rose-Bay |
| Nicotiana glauca |
Vomiting, hyperexcitability followed by depression, incoordination, paralysis, possibly death |
Flowering Tobacco, Mustard Tree, Nicotiana, Tobacco, Tree Tobacco |
| Oxalis spp. |
Colic, possible kidney failure if large quantities are ingested. |
Good Luck Plant, Shamrock, Sorrel |
| Oxytropis sp. |
Once eaten, the animal becomes "addicted" to the plant. Loss of sensory and motor nerve function, central nervous system depression, progressive loss of coordination, inability to eat and drink, excessive excitability when stimulated, fetal death, and birth defects. Toxicity occurs when the animal has consumed more than 30% of its body weight over a period of 6 weeks or more. |
Loco Weed |
| Paeonia officinalis |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression |
Peony |
| Persea americana |
Noninfectious mastitis, gastric upset, colic. Also toxic to cattle, goats, rabbits and birds. |
Alligator Pear, Avocado |
| Petroselinum crispum |
Photosensitization, Occular toxcicity |
Spring Parsley |
| Pinus ponderosa |
Toxicity only reported in cattle : premature birth or miscarriage |
Blackjack Pine, Bull Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Western Yellow Pine, Yellow Pine |
| Phoradendron flavescens |
Vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure (rare), gastrointestinal disorders, erratic behavior, cardiovascular collapse, dyspnea (shortness of breath),cardiac arrhythmia |
American Mistletoe |
| Podocarpus macrophylla |
Severe vomiting and diarrhea |
Buddhist Pine, Japanese Yew, Podocarpus, Southern Yew, Yew Pine |
| Podophyllum peltatum |
Vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, panting, coma (rare), dermal redness, skin ulcers |
American Mandrake, Duck's Foot, Hog Apple, Indian Apple Root, Mayapple, Racoonberry, Umbrella Leaf, Wild Lemon |
| Polyscias guilfoylei |
Vomiting, anorexia, depression, contact dermatitis |
Aralia guilfoylei, Coffee Tree, Geranium-Leaf Aralia, Wild Coffee Tree |
| Portulaca oleracea |
Tremors, salivation, kidney failure |
Moss Rose, Pigwee, Purslane, Pusley, Portulaca, Rock Moss |
| Primula vulgaris |
Mild vomiting |
Primrose |
| Prunus armeniaca |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Apricot |
| Prunus avium |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Sweet Cherry |
| Prunus cerasus |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Sour Cherry |
| Prunus domestica |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Damson, Gage, Italian Plum, Prune |
| Prunus persica |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Peach |
| Prunus salicina |
Brick red mucous membrane, panting, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, shock. Stems and leaves particularly dangerous when wilting. The seeds are also toxic. |
Japanese Plum |
| Pteridium aquilinum |
Thiamine deficiency, weight loss, incoordination, excessive staggering, wide stance with an arched back, severe muscle tremors, inability to stand, death within 2 days of onset of symptoms. Poisoning occurs with chronic ingestion over 1-2 month period. |
Adelaarsvaring, Brake, Brake Fern, Bracken Fern, Eagle Fern, Hog-Pasture Bracken, Pasture Bracken, Umbewe, Umhlashoshana |
| Quercus sp. |
Abdominal pain, constipation which can be followed by (occasionally bloody) diarrhea, depression, frequent urination, discoloured urination, jaundice |
Oak (all varieties) |
| Ranunculus acris |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, wobbly gait |
Burwort, Buttercup, Butter Cress, Crowfoot Burwort, Figwort |
| Ranunculus sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, anorexia, hypersalivation, wobbly gait |
Buttercup, Butter Cress, Figwort, |
| Raphanus raphanistrum |
Digestive tract irritation |
Wild Raddish |
| Rheum rhabarbarium |
Salivation, tremors, kidney failure |
Pie Plant, Rhubarb |
| Rhododendron spp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, weakness, coma, hypotension, CNS depression, cardiovascular collapse, death. Ingestion of a few leaves is enough to cause serious problems. |
Azalea, Rhododendron, Rosebay |
| Ricinus communis |
Highly toxic - ingestion of less than an ounce can be lethal. Loss of appetite, excessive thirst, weakness, colic, trembling, sweating, loss of coordination, difficulty breathing, fever, bloody diarrhea, convulstions, coma. Seeds contain the most toxins. |
African Wonder Tree, Castor Bean, Mole Bean Plant |
| Robinia sp. |
Loss of appetite, depression, stupor, weakness with rear end paralysis, laminitis, coldness of the extremities, dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, weak irregular pulse, and diarrhea (may be bloody). Stems, bark, and young shoots are the most toxic. |
Locust |
| Rumex sp. |
Tremors, salivation, kidney failure |
Dock, Sorrel |
| Senecio sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, ataxia, weight loss, weakness, sleepiness, yawning, incoordination, yellowish discolouration to mucous membranes, aimless walking, chewing motions, head pressing, liver damage, and liver failure. Symptoms can progress rapidly over a few days. |
Golden Ragwort, Grounsel, Ragwort |
| Solanum dulcamara |
Vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, low blood pressure, low heart rate |
Blue Blindweed, Blue Nightshade, Climbing Nightshade, Deadly Nightshade, Devil's Apple, European Bittersweet, Felonwort, Poisonous Nightshade, Scarlet Berry, Soda Apple, Violet Bloom, Woody Nightshade |
| Solanum nigrum |
Hypersalivation, innapetence, severe gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, drowsiness, CNS depression, confusion, behavioral change, weakness, dilated pupils, slow heart rate |
Black Nightshade, Deadly Nightshade, Nightshade |
| Solanum pseudocapsium |
Gastrointestinal disturbances, possible ulcuration of the gastrointestinal system, depression, seizures, respitory depression, shock |
Jerusalem Cherry, Natal Cherry, Ornamental Pepper, Winter Cherry |
| Sorhum vulgare var. sudanensis |
Loss of nerve function to hind legs and bladder progressing to complete paralysis. Poisoning usually occurs during periods of heavy rain when the young shoots are growing rapidly. |
Hybrid Sudan, Sudan Grass |
| Sphenosciadium capitellatum |
Photosensitization, Occular toxcicity |
Ranger's Button, White Heads |
| Strelitzia reginae |
Nausea, vomiting, drowsiness. Fruit and seed most toxic. |
Bird of Paradise Flower, Bird's Tongue Flower, Crane Flower |
| Symplocarpus foetidus |
Oral irritation, intense burning of the mouth, excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing |
Meadow Cabbage, Polecat Weed, Skunk Cabbage, Skunk Weed, Swamp Cabbage |
| Tulipa sp. |
Vomiting, diarrhea, depression, and hypersalivation. Bulbs are the most toxic. |
Tulip |
| Taxus baccata, brevifolia, sp. |
Tremors, difficulty breathing, vomiting, sudden death from acute heart failure. Berries the most toxic. |
Anglo-Japanse Yew, English Yew, Japanese Yew, Pacific Yew, Western Yew |
| Taxus canidensus |
Tremors, difficulty breathing, vomiting, sudden death from acute heart failure. Berries the most toxic. |
American Yew |
| Thevetia peruviana |
Vomiting, diarrhea, slow heart rate |
Yellow Oleander |
| Thlaspi arvens |
Digestive tract irritation |
Field Pennycress |
| Trifolium hybridum |
Photosensitivity reaction: sunburn on nonpigmented skin. Affected areas become painful and form ulcerations, and inflammation/ulceration of the mouth and tongue may also occur along with colic and diarrhea, depression or excitation. Recurring bouts of animals developping a yellowish discoloration of membranes around the mouth, eyes and nonpigmented areas of skin, accompanied by weight loss, central nervous system depression, loss of appetite, incoordination, dark, discolored urine and a greatly enlarged, fibrotic liver |
Alsike Clover |
| Wisteria sp. |
Vomiting (sometimes bloody), diarrhea, depression |
Wisteria |
| Zamia furfuraceae |
Vomiting, melena, icterus, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising, coagulopathy, liver damage, liver failure, death |
Cardboard Palm, Cycads, Zamias |
| Zamia pumila |
Vomiting, melena, icterus, increased thirst, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, bruising, coagulopathy, liver damage, liver failure, death |
Cardboard Palm, Coontie Palm, Cycads, Sago Palm, Zamias |
| Yucca sp |
Liver disease, secondary photosensitivity |
Adam's Needle, Yucca |
